Recent data suggest that cancer deaths in women continued to show the highest
point. "Especially breast cancer ranked second leading cause of death in
women, after cervical cancer," said Dr. Asrul Harsal, Sp.PD, KHOM, in
Jakarta,
However, he argues, breast cancer was not only the monopoly of women. Men can experience it. Although relatively small numbers that only about one percent of the total Indonesian men now. Asrul also observed that breast cancer in women should be wary because it could lead to early death. "The first breast cancer cells can grow into tumors of 1 cm within 8-12 years," he said.
Cancer cells are silent on the mammary gland, then it can spread through the bloodstream throughout the body. As for when the deployment took place, until now not many technologies that are able to know. "Breast cancer cells can hide inside our bodies for years without knowing, and active suddenly becomes malignant or cancerous tumor."
Early Detection
The only way that he is only effective until the earliest possible detection with the possibility of this disease. "Until now the only way to detect breast cancer is aware of efforts (breast self-examination-red)," said Asrul again.
This action is said is very important, because almost 85% of breast lumps are found by patients themselves. Even in normal women, the American Cancer Society recommends that women over the age of 20 years to make aware every three months, age 35-40 years of mammography, over 40 years to check up on medical experts, more than 50 years of regular checkups and mammography every year, and for women at high risk of more frequent doctor's examination and routine.
Asrul also describes the treatment of breast cancer which was agreed by oncologists in the world can go through several stages. At the stage of stage I, surgery and chemotherapy.
While on-stage phase II surgery, followed by chemotherapy plus hormonal. If the stadium had reached stage III operations must be performed, followed by chemotherapy plus radiation and hormonal. "Meanwhile, when it has reached stage IV chemotherapy followed by radiation and hormonal," she added.
To an advanced stage, after the treated patients the longest life expectancy is four years. For patients who are in the process of treatment, surgical removal of tumor was conducted throughout the breast, either right or left. Asrul also added that women actually do not have to worry about irregularities in shape, because it's been available from the artificial breast silicon material similar to original breast.
Prevention
From the results of expert consultation reports to WHO / FAO in 2003 stated that the total cancer cases between 2000 and 2020 in developing countries is predicted to increase to 73%, whereas in developed countries increased by 29%. The warning should be a determination to apply the principle of prevention is better than cure. In addition to physical activity, preventive measures can also be done by implementing a balanced diet.
Of epidemiological studies have revealed, the consumption of vegetables is more effective in lowering cancer risk compared with fruits. One of the vegetables that are effective in preventing cancer is a group of cabbage.
Included in the cabbage family Brassicaceae plants or better known as the Cruciferae. The family includes a variety of vegetables, eg cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts, and turnips. Egg white cabbage or cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. Capita L) is the cabbage which is favored by the public because it tastes good, fresh, crisp and cheaper than with broccoli and cauliflower. These vegetables are not only familiar to the Indonesian vegetable dish, but also by the Chinese in Singapore, even the average consumption to 40 g / day or three times higher than Americans. While Japanese people prefer horseradish that the average intake of 55 g / day.
From some of the results of epidemiological studies, Park and Pezzuto (2002) in the journal Cancer and Metastasis Reviews (2002) reported that the consumption of cabbage such as white and red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, turnips, celery and water can reduce the risk of type bergagai cancers, namely breast, prostate, kidney, colon, bladder and lung. In prostate cancer, consumption of three or more servings of these vegetables can reduce the risk compared to the consumption of only one serving per week. Similarly, Brassica vegetable consumption of 1-2 servings / day has been reported to reduce breast cancer risk by 20-40%.
And detoxification of carcinogens
As is well known, in principle, the three stages of the growth of cancer cells, namely initiation; the early stages of the cell DNA destruction, proliferation, and progression. At this early stage there are at least two factors that can lead to the formation of cancerous free radicals and carcinogens.
Carcinogens are substances that can cause cancer. Most of the carcinogens in the food that enters the body is in the form of procarcinogen. Furthermore, the phase I enzymes produced by the liver, the compound was cut into procarcinogen compounds are carcinogens that can damage / mutate cell DNA, which is the initiation stage of cancer growth.
Four common procarcinogen contained in food are mycotoxins, poisons or toxins produced by fungi, particularly Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium, nitrosamines and nitrosamides (N-nitroso compounds), found in fried bacon, dried meat, and cigarette smoke, polycyclic hydrocarbons aromatics that can form on meat that is baked with charcoal embers kerosene and pyrolysis products of amino acids, such as heterocyclic aromatic acids, resulting from incomplete combustion during cooking fish or meat.
Since the formation of carcinogens from procarcinogen is catalyzed by phase I, then the effective measures that can be done is to inhibit the enzyme production rate of phase I and phase II enzymes that spur is also produced by the liver to transport the carcinogens out of cells.
The main mechanism by cancer chemopreventive vegetables cabbage is explained in two ways carcinogenicity reduction by both enzymes is the formation of metabolites block activation of carcinogens and increase carcinogen detoxification.
Isothiosianat known compounds could play a role in the first step or two. Some of these compounds are inhibitors of tumorigenesis in various animal models, especially in lung cancer and esophagus that has been induced by tobacco products. Most of the prevention mechanisms through inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Cytochrome P450 1A2 is believed to catalyze the oxidation of N-4-aminophenyl, 2-nafthilamin, mycotoxins, and some aromatic acids, such as heterocyclic aromatic acids, which has the potential to cause cancer.
Paul Talalay, of Johns Hopkins pharmacological sulforafan confirms that there is lots of broccoli (37-75 mg/100 g) known to increase the production of phase II enzymes in the liver. This enzyme plays took carcinogenic materials generated from procarcinogen compound and dragged him out of the cell.
In mice as experimental animals, Greenwald (1996) reported sulforafan can block the formation of breast cancer. Further, he menggungkapkan dithiolthion synthesis called oltipraz can inhibit growth of lung cancer, colon, mammary gland, urinary bladder in experimental animals. Dithiolthion compounds also found in broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage. These types of phytochemicals thought to be able to activate the action of enzymes produced by the liver, especially to reduce the toxicity of carcinogens in the bloodstream.
Chemical alert
In a recent issue of the Journal of Applied Toxicology reported chemical called 4-nonylphenol is a hazardous material that could trigger breast cancer in some rats. However, these laboratory experiments still need further studies to humans. Because what happens in mice may not necessarily occur in humans. For that community is not expected to directly panik.Dr William Baldwin and his team from the University of Texas at El Paso and Clemson University in South Carolina found that 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) affect the performance of the hormone estrogen in some mice. With the intake of 4-NP were given in various doses, the body of the female mice experienced growth of breast cancer. The majority of developing breast cancer within 32 weeks.
Having analyzed these chemicals apparently stimulates the production of the hormone estriol estriol increased lever.Produksi make the cancer grow complex tissues in female mice. "Exposure to chemicals 4-NP in the long term will certainly lead to breast cancer," explained Dr.Baldwin, told BBC News Online recently ini.Bahan 4-NP chemical that is contained in the allegedly harmful paints, pesticides and cleaning products quite familiar with everyday human activities.
So far the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs has set England chemicals such as nonylphenol and bisphenol toxic chemicals that can affect the performance of the hormone. While the hormones estrogen and estriol had been long known to be associated closely with breast cancer. Estrogen is known as a receiver or hormone receptors in breast cancer are easily covered. The higher performance of this hormone, the sooner the development of cancer.
However, he argues, breast cancer was not only the monopoly of women. Men can experience it. Although relatively small numbers that only about one percent of the total Indonesian men now. Asrul also observed that breast cancer in women should be wary because it could lead to early death. "The first breast cancer cells can grow into tumors of 1 cm within 8-12 years," he said.
Cancer cells are silent on the mammary gland, then it can spread through the bloodstream throughout the body. As for when the deployment took place, until now not many technologies that are able to know. "Breast cancer cells can hide inside our bodies for years without knowing, and active suddenly becomes malignant or cancerous tumor."
Early Detection
The only way that he is only effective until the earliest possible detection with the possibility of this disease. "Until now the only way to detect breast cancer is aware of efforts (breast self-examination-red)," said Asrul again.
This action is said is very important, because almost 85% of breast lumps are found by patients themselves. Even in normal women, the American Cancer Society recommends that women over the age of 20 years to make aware every three months, age 35-40 years of mammography, over 40 years to check up on medical experts, more than 50 years of regular checkups and mammography every year, and for women at high risk of more frequent doctor's examination and routine.
Asrul also describes the treatment of breast cancer which was agreed by oncologists in the world can go through several stages. At the stage of stage I, surgery and chemotherapy.
While on-stage phase II surgery, followed by chemotherapy plus hormonal. If the stadium had reached stage III operations must be performed, followed by chemotherapy plus radiation and hormonal. "Meanwhile, when it has reached stage IV chemotherapy followed by radiation and hormonal," she added.
To an advanced stage, after the treated patients the longest life expectancy is four years. For patients who are in the process of treatment, surgical removal of tumor was conducted throughout the breast, either right or left. Asrul also added that women actually do not have to worry about irregularities in shape, because it's been available from the artificial breast silicon material similar to original breast.
Prevention
From the results of expert consultation reports to WHO / FAO in 2003 stated that the total cancer cases between 2000 and 2020 in developing countries is predicted to increase to 73%, whereas in developed countries increased by 29%. The warning should be a determination to apply the principle of prevention is better than cure. In addition to physical activity, preventive measures can also be done by implementing a balanced diet.
Of epidemiological studies have revealed, the consumption of vegetables is more effective in lowering cancer risk compared with fruits. One of the vegetables that are effective in preventing cancer is a group of cabbage.
Included in the cabbage family Brassicaceae plants or better known as the Cruciferae. The family includes a variety of vegetables, eg cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, Brussels sprouts, and turnips. Egg white cabbage or cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. Capita L) is the cabbage which is favored by the public because it tastes good, fresh, crisp and cheaper than with broccoli and cauliflower. These vegetables are not only familiar to the Indonesian vegetable dish, but also by the Chinese in Singapore, even the average consumption to 40 g / day or three times higher than Americans. While Japanese people prefer horseradish that the average intake of 55 g / day.
From some of the results of epidemiological studies, Park and Pezzuto (2002) in the journal Cancer and Metastasis Reviews (2002) reported that the consumption of cabbage such as white and red cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, kale, turnips, celery and water can reduce the risk of type bergagai cancers, namely breast, prostate, kidney, colon, bladder and lung. In prostate cancer, consumption of three or more servings of these vegetables can reduce the risk compared to the consumption of only one serving per week. Similarly, Brassica vegetable consumption of 1-2 servings / day has been reported to reduce breast cancer risk by 20-40%.
And detoxification of carcinogens
As is well known, in principle, the three stages of the growth of cancer cells, namely initiation; the early stages of the cell DNA destruction, proliferation, and progression. At this early stage there are at least two factors that can lead to the formation of cancerous free radicals and carcinogens.
Carcinogens are substances that can cause cancer. Most of the carcinogens in the food that enters the body is in the form of procarcinogen. Furthermore, the phase I enzymes produced by the liver, the compound was cut into procarcinogen compounds are carcinogens that can damage / mutate cell DNA, which is the initiation stage of cancer growth.
Four common procarcinogen contained in food are mycotoxins, poisons or toxins produced by fungi, particularly Aspergillus, Penicillium and Fusarium, nitrosamines and nitrosamides (N-nitroso compounds), found in fried bacon, dried meat, and cigarette smoke, polycyclic hydrocarbons aromatics that can form on meat that is baked with charcoal embers kerosene and pyrolysis products of amino acids, such as heterocyclic aromatic acids, resulting from incomplete combustion during cooking fish or meat.
Since the formation of carcinogens from procarcinogen is catalyzed by phase I, then the effective measures that can be done is to inhibit the enzyme production rate of phase I and phase II enzymes that spur is also produced by the liver to transport the carcinogens out of cells.
The main mechanism by cancer chemopreventive vegetables cabbage is explained in two ways carcinogenicity reduction by both enzymes is the formation of metabolites block activation of carcinogens and increase carcinogen detoxification.
Isothiosianat known compounds could play a role in the first step or two. Some of these compounds are inhibitors of tumorigenesis in various animal models, especially in lung cancer and esophagus that has been induced by tobacco products. Most of the prevention mechanisms through inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes. Cytochrome P450 1A2 is believed to catalyze the oxidation of N-4-aminophenyl, 2-nafthilamin, mycotoxins, and some aromatic acids, such as heterocyclic aromatic acids, which has the potential to cause cancer.
Paul Talalay, of Johns Hopkins pharmacological sulforafan confirms that there is lots of broccoli (37-75 mg/100 g) known to increase the production of phase II enzymes in the liver. This enzyme plays took carcinogenic materials generated from procarcinogen compound and dragged him out of the cell.
In mice as experimental animals, Greenwald (1996) reported sulforafan can block the formation of breast cancer. Further, he menggungkapkan dithiolthion synthesis called oltipraz can inhibit growth of lung cancer, colon, mammary gland, urinary bladder in experimental animals. Dithiolthion compounds also found in broccoli, cauliflower and cabbage. These types of phytochemicals thought to be able to activate the action of enzymes produced by the liver, especially to reduce the toxicity of carcinogens in the bloodstream.
Chemical alert
In a recent issue of the Journal of Applied Toxicology reported chemical called 4-nonylphenol is a hazardous material that could trigger breast cancer in some rats. However, these laboratory experiments still need further studies to humans. Because what happens in mice may not necessarily occur in humans. For that community is not expected to directly panik.Dr William Baldwin and his team from the University of Texas at El Paso and Clemson University in South Carolina found that 4-nonylphenol (4-NP) affect the performance of the hormone estrogen in some mice. With the intake of 4-NP were given in various doses, the body of the female mice experienced growth of breast cancer. The majority of developing breast cancer within 32 weeks.
Having analyzed these chemicals apparently stimulates the production of the hormone estriol estriol increased lever.Produksi make the cancer grow complex tissues in female mice. "Exposure to chemicals 4-NP in the long term will certainly lead to breast cancer," explained Dr.Baldwin, told BBC News Online recently ini.Bahan 4-NP chemical that is contained in the allegedly harmful paints, pesticides and cleaning products quite familiar with everyday human activities.
So far the Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs has set England chemicals such as nonylphenol and bisphenol toxic chemicals that can affect the performance of the hormone. While the hormones estrogen and estriol had been long known to be associated closely with breast cancer. Estrogen is known as a receiver or hormone receptors in breast cancer are easily covered. The higher performance of this hormone, the sooner the development of cancer.
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